What is a cataract?
In a healthy eye, the lens is clear and focuses light onto the retina. When a cataract develops, the lens becomes cloudy, light can no longer reach the retina adequately, and vision progressively deteriorates. Cataracts are one of the most common causes of blindness in dogs; they are less frequent in cats and most often develop secondary to intraocular inflammation.
What are the signs?
Cataracts can be difficult to detect in the early stages, which is why regular eye check-ups are essential. Common signs include:
- A grey or bluish, cloudy appearance in the pupil
- Bumping into objects; hesitation on stairs and steps
- Difficulty seeing in dim light
- Behavioral changes such as withdrawal or loss of interest in play
Causes
- Hereditary (breed-related) predisposition
- Advancing age (senile cataract)
- Diabetes mellitus — particularly in dogs
- Ocular trauma or intraocular inflammation (uveitis)
Diagnosis
Before surgery, the anterior and posterior segments of the eye are examined in detail and retinal function is assessed. This examination determines which patients are suitable candidates for surgery; a healthy retina is critical to a successful outcome.
Treatment: Phacoemulsification surgery
Surgery is the definitive treatment for cataract. In phacoemulsification, the clouded lens is broken up using ultrasound waves and removed; in suitable cases, an artificial lens is implanted in its place. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia using microsurgical techniques. Appropriate candidates can regain meaningful vision following surgery.
Post-operative care
During the recovery period, eye drops, a protective collar (e-collar), and regular follow-up appointments are necessary. Post-operative care is an integral part of treatment success, and following your veterinarian's instructions closely will support the healing process.
Would you like to book an appointment?
Early evaluation improves the chances of preserving sight. Book a comprehensive eye exam for your companion.